AFAD’26

Oct 13, 2026, 9:00 AM → Oct 17, 2026, 8:00 PM Asia/Shanghai

SARI, Shanghai, China

Haixiao Deng (Shanghai Advanced Research Institute)

Asian Forum for Accelerators and Detectors

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Wed, October 14

Plenary

Convener: Haixiao Deng (Shanghai Advanced Research Institute)

1 Welcome

Speaker: Haixiao Deng (Shanghai Advanced Research Institute)

2 Status and Perspectives of Shanghai Photon Sources

Three accelerator photon sources are now operating and constructing at Shanghai in China, which include Shanghai synchrotron Radiation Facility (SSRF), Shanghai Soft X-ray Free Electron Laser (SXFEL) and Shanghai HIgh repetitioN rate XFEL and Extreme light facility (SHINE). The SSRF is a 3.5GeV third generation light source, starting the user service in May 2009. Currently there are 38 beamlines and 55 experimental stations in operation, delivering productive results. The SXFEL is a 1.5GeV C-band linac based FEL facility, driving a SASE and a seeded FEL lines for 6 experimental stations with the output photon energy up to 0.4 keV. This facility started to serve user in January 2023. The SHINE is a high repetition rate X-ray FEL facility under construction, comprising of an 8 GeV CW superconducting linear accelerator, a 100 PW Super-Intense Ultra-Short laser, 2 undulator lines and 6 experimental stations in Phase-I, with maximum FEL pulse repetition rate up to 1 MHz and radiation photon energy covering the range of 0.2–15 keV. The project implementation started in April 2018, and since then encouraging progress has been achieved. For the time being, manufactures of equipment and installations of the linear accelerator, the 100 PW laser, the Phase-I undulator lines, beamlines and experimental stations as well as the first part linac commissioning are all in course. This talk presents the current status and future perspectives of these above photon sources.

Speaker: Zhentang Zhao (Shanghai Advanced Research Institute)

3 Update on KEK’s Recent Research Activities and International Collaborations

KEK is a research institute in Japan carrying out basic science research in a wide range of scientific fields from particle and nuclear physics to materials and life sciences using large accelerator facilities. KEK’s research facilities are open to international science communities. Three on-going projects are SuperKEKB/Belle II and Photon Factory at the Tsukuba campus and J-PARC at the Tokai campus. I report update these activities.

Also Quantum technologies and Detector R&D have synergies with activities. I report also these activities and Future collider (ILC) are also summarized.

Speaker: Shoji Asai (KEK)

10:10 AM Group Photo

Plenary

Convener: Shoji Asai (KEK)

4 Thailand Light Source

Speaker: Saroj Rujirawat (Synchrotron Light Research Institute)

5 Beyond the Big Data Deluge: A User-Centric Platform for Accelerated Scientific Discovery

The exponential growth of Big Data worldwide presents significant challenges for large-scale scientific facilities, prompting coordinated initiatives to fully harness the capabilities of autonomous, remote, and real-time experiments. Central to these initiatives is the integration of AI to steer experimental choices in real-time as they unfold, alongside a commitment to upholding the FAIR (Findable, Accessible, Interoperable, and Reusable) data principles across every stage of a facility's operational lifecycle. Nevertheless, despite substantial progress, achieving a truly user-centric and user-friendly centralization of the broader scientific computing frameworks at such facilities continues to be an unresolved challenge.

In response, the Big Data Science Center at the Shanghai Synchrotron Radiation Facility has developed and deployed a centralized, coherent, and user-friendly platform built upon its superfacility architecture. This platform is purpose-built to oversee the entire data lifecycle inherent to large-scale scientific facilities. By placing the user at the centre of the design, the platform redirects users' attention away from intricate data-management tasks and toward meaningful scientific analysis and interpretation. As a result, the overall ease with which users can engage with the facility has improved markedly, accelerating the rate at which new scientific discoveries are achieved.

Speaker: Alessandro Sepe (Shanghai Advanced Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences)

12:00 PM Lunch

Parallel A: Parallel A | WG1 + WG4 + WG5

Convener: Bo Liu (Shanghai Advanced Research Institute)

6 Development of an S-band parallel-coupled polarizable transverse deflecting cavity for S3FEL

Transverse deflecting cavities (TDCs) are important tools for beam diagnostics, as they imprint a time-dependent transverse kick on a charged bunch via radio-frequency (RF) electromagnetic fields in transverse modes. The polarization, defined by the orientation of the electric field, is a key figure of merit of a TDC, as it determines the deflection direction. In conventional TDCs, the polarization is fixed by separating the orthogonally degenerate modes using asymmetric cell geometries and by employing mode launchers that couple the input RF power to the desired mode. Recently, the requirements of multi-dimensional phase space reconstruction for advanced beam diagnostics have driven the development of novel TDCs with variable polarization. We therefore propose an S-band parallel-coupled TDC for the Shenzhen Superconducting Soft X-Ray Free-electron Laser, in which two chains of asymmetric cells providing horizontal and vertical deflections are independently fed by waveguides, allowing the polarization to be controlled by adjusting their relative amplitude and phase. This design offers several advantages, including high fabrication feasibility, single-frequency operation, compactness, and high shunt impedance. Two prototype structures have been successfully fabricated and tuned. The proof-of-principle experiment is planned to be conducted at Dalian Coherent Light Source.

Speaker: Dr Jiahang Shao (Institute of Advanced Light Source Facilities, Shenzhen)

7 Status of SHINE Cryomodules

The SHINE Linac has been optimized to accelerate the beam to 8 GeV using 54 high-Q cryomodules (CMs). Mass production of high-Q cavities and CMs is currently underway. To date, approximately 450 high-Q cavities processed with mid-T baking or N-doping recipes have been fabricated and tested. The majority of these cavities have been assembled into CMs. Over 45 CMs have undergone testing; among them, 30 high-Q CMs have been installed in the Linac and are presently undergoing beam commissioning. This talk will present the performance of high-Q CMs and the lessons learned from their production.

Speaker: Jinfang Chen (Shanghai Advanced Research Institute)

8 Development and Application of BPM Signal Processor in HEPS

HEPS demands improved beam orbit control precision, long-term stability and reliability, which set stricter requirements for digital BPM signal processors. Serving as the “eyes” of the HEPS accelerator, BPMs play a critical role in storage ring beam tuning. We introduce recent developments of HEPS BPM electronics, as well as the performance and practical applications of the HEPS BPM.

Speaker: Yaoyao Du (Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences)

9 Zero-Mode Instabilities in Synchrotron Radiation Storage Rings

This presentation will introduce two types of zero-mode instabilities induced by the double RF fundamental impedances in synchrotron radiation storage rings. The first type is driven by the high loaded-Q impedance of a superconducting harmonic cavity, with the distinctive feature that it can be enhanced by radiation damping. The second type is driven by the closed-loop main cavity impedance with feedback and is strongly affected by the feedback parameters. The first type will directly guide the future development of superconducting harmonic cavity technology, while the second type may provide useful guidance for optimizing the feedback parameters of main RF cavities in existing or future synchrotron radiation storage rings.

Speaker: Tianlong He (USTC)

Zero-mode Instability-AFAD26-HTL.pdf

Parallel B: Parallel B | WG3 + WG7

Convener: Somjai Chunjarean

10 Development and status of SIMM therapy facility in China

The Second-generation heavy Ion Medical Machine (SIMM) is currently under construction by IMP-CAS in China. The SIMM complex consists of a high-intensity linac cascade injector featuring a novel plate structure, an ultra-compact synchrotron with a fast ramping rate of 6 T/s, and an innovative beam delivery system based on a single-beamline rotating scheme. Installation of the main accelerator devices began in March 2026, and the machine has since entered the tuning and EMC testing stage. An overview of the general design and current status of the SIMM complex is given in this presentation.

Speaker: SHUANG RUAN

11 Microdosimetric investigation of Helium ion Minibeams using the SOI microdosimeter

Particle minibeam radiotherapy (pMBRT) delivers spatially fractionated, submillimetre beamlets that produce peak–valley dose distributions, enabling normal tissue sparing while maintaining high tumour doses [1]. However, the radiobiological mechanisms underlying pMBRT remain incompletely characterised [2], as conventional dosimetry cannot capture the stochastic energy deposition at cellular scales; Microdosimetry, including the SOI Mushroom microdosimeter developed by the Centre for Medical Radiation Physics, provides a means to characterise radiation quality and link it to radiobiological outcomes [3], [4]. Microdosimetry was used to characterise minibeam patterns in spatially fractionated particle therapy at the Heavy Ion Medical Accelerator in Chiba (HIMAC), Japan. A 150 MeV/u helium ion beam, with a range in water of approximately 15.86 cm, was delivered to a 6.5 cm thick brass collimator containing 7 slits, each of 0.5 mm width and 25 mm length. Peak and value measurements were conducted using a Strip SOI Mushroom microdosimeter at varying WET depths between 8.83 mm and 149 mm.
The results show broader energy distributions, with a tendency towards higher lineal energies and elevated dose mean lineal energy (yD) values in valley regions compared to the peak regions. yD increases with depth, in both peaks and valleys regions. For the same vertical position within a valley, the corresponding yD values are 8.58, 7.21, 6.95, 6.84, 9.39, 30.97 keV/μm at depths of 8.83 (closest to collimator), 20, 40, 90, 130 and 149 mm, respectively. For the same vertical position within a peak, the yD values are 6.74, 6.69, 6.23, 6.66, 29.85 keV/μm at depths of 8.83, 20, 40, 60, 149 mm, respectively. From depths of 40-50 mm onward, there is no essential difference in yD results in the valley region. Beyond a depth of 40 mm, yD becomes homogeneous, with values approaching 30 keV/μm at the Bragg Peak. There appears to be minimal variation in the yD and spectra depending on the SOI position within the slits. At the depth closest to the collimator, the average values of 6.06, 6.68, 5.88 keV/μm for the first three slits (peak region), and 9.37, 8.00 and 7.33 keV/μm for the corresponding first three valleys.
The SOI mushroom Strip microdosimeter successfully measured both peak and valley regions in spatially fractionated minibeam fields with high accuracy, demonstrating submillimetre spatial resolution. The ability to connect single sensitive volume arrays enables precise measurements within these regions. To evaluate the tissue-sparing effects, RBE weighted dose should also be considered, as the sparing effect observed in the entrance region decreases with increasing depth. Scattered helium ions, neutrons, and other secondary particles may also contribute to dose in the valley regions.

References
[1] S. Charyyev et al., “Optimisation of hexagonal pattern minibeams for spatially fractionated radiotherapy using proton beam scanning,” Medical Physics., vol. 47, no. 8, pp. 485–3495, Aug. 2020, doi: 10.1002/mp.14192.
[2] E. Lee et al., “Collimator design for spatially fractionated proton beams for radiobiology research,” Physics in Medicine & Biology., vol. 61, no. 14, pp. 5378–5392, Jun. 2016, doi: 10.1088/0031-9155/61/14/5378.
[3] H. Paganetti, “Proton relative biological effectiveness-uncertainties and opportunities,” International Journal of Particle Therapy., vol. 5, no. 1, pp. 2–14, Jun. 2018, doi: 10.14338/IJPT-18-00011.1.
[4] L. T. Tran et al., “Silicon 3D microdosimeters for advanced quality assurance in particle therapy,” Applied Sciences., vol. 12, no. 1, Art. no. 328, Nov. 2022, doi: 10.3390/app12010328.

Speaker: Dr James Vohradsky

12 Progress on the Proton and Helium Ion Therapy Facility at Shanghai Advanced Research Institute

This report introduce the progress on the proton therapy system(clinal used in RuiJin Hosptial) and the integrated proton and helium ion therapy system(under R&D).

Speaker: Ming Lyu (Shanghai Advanced Research Institute, Chinese Academy Sciences)

13 Design and Preliminary Experimental studies of a Compact CW High-Average-Current Thermionic Electron Injector for SRF Linacs

Accelerator technology has become a key solution in various fields such as fundamental research, medical applications, environmental science, and industry. To meet the increasing demands in these areas, the need for high-average-current accelerators has grown significantly. Superconducting RF (SRF) linacs, owing to their compatibility with continuous wave (CW) operation, offer a promising alternative for generating such high currents. However, to fully realize their potential, the development of electron injectors capable of CW operation is essential. With emphasis on robustness, compactness, and reliability, this presentation focuses on the design and optimization of a thermionic electron gun-based CW, high-average-current electron injector system and includes preliminary experimental studies toward validation of the design. Building on these design objectives, the system is compatible with SRF linacs and adaptable to both industrial applications and large-scale accelerator projects.

Speaker: Anjali Kavar (KEK)

Parallel C: Parallel C | WG2 + WG6

Convener: Wei Wei (IHEP, CAS)

14 Hyperon-Nucleon spectrometer at HIAF

The High Intensity Heavy-ion Accelerator Facility (HIAF) in Huizhou is a domestically developed, large-scale scientific facility that delivers the world's most intense ion beams. The Hyperon-Nucleon Spectrometer (H-NS) at HIAF is designed to address fundamental questions about hadron spin structure through high-precision measurements of Lambda hyperon and proton polarization. By utilizing HIAF's proton and heavy-ion beams at energies ranging from 3 to 9 GeV, with potential for future upgrades to 20 GeV, the experiment will investigate the production mechanisms, energy dependence, and medium effects of hyperon polarization in proton–proton (pp), proton–nucleus (pA), and nucleus–nucleus (AA) collisions. H-NS incorporates several state-of-the-art technologies, including high-resolution silicon pixel detectors, AC-LGAD fast-timing detectors, and a carbon-foil baryon polarimeter, to achieve accurate vertex reconstruction, particle identification, and polarization measurements of hyperons and nucleons. This project will not only validate theoretical models of quark spin transfer to hyperons but also develop and validate critical technologies for next-generation facilities, such as the Electron-Ion Collider in China (EicC). Overall, H-NS serves as a vital experimental platform that bridges the disciplines of nuclear and particle physics. In this talk, I will present the physics program, detector design, and current status of the H-NS project.

Speaker: Yutie Liang (Institute of Modern Physics, CAS)

15 DEUTERON facility at VEPP-3 storage ring: experimental status and perspectives

The experimental program of the DEUTERON facility at the VEPP-3 storage ring includes the study of elastic electron-deuteron scattering, the photodisintegration of tensor-polarized deuterons, and the photoproduction of light mesons on deuterons. In this report we discuss recent results from the photodisintegration study. The key feature of the experiment is a Tagging System for almost-real photons, which detects electrons scattered at small angles after interaction with the internal gas target of polarized deuterons. We present experimental results for the T$_{20}$ component of the tensor analyzing power, measured from the target polarization asymmetry in the photodisintegration process at photon energies of 350-680 MeV. In principle, the Tagging System enables the measurement of the T$_{20}$ component at photon energies up to 1600 MeV.

Speaker: Timofei Maltsev (Budker Institute of Nuclear Physics)

DEUTERON-AFAD-2026.pdf

16 Progress of CEPC Hadronic Calorimeters

This report reviews the R&D status of three hadronic calorimeter options for the Circular Electron Positron Collider (CEPC), targeting jet energy and boson mass resolution required by particle flow reconstruction. The Glass-RPC based semi-digital HCAL (SDHCAL) achieves fine 1 cm granularity and evolves toward a 5D T SDHCAL with MRPC for O(100) ps timing to separate overlapping hadronic showers. The plastic scintillator AHCAL 40 layer prototype with 12960 channels has been fully assembled and tested at CERN PS/SPS during 2022 2023. Beam measurements yield a hadron energy resolution of 56.2%/sqrt{E} (+) 2.5%, with machine learning based particle identification implemented. Selected as the baseline, the novel glass scintillator GS HCAL greatly increases the sampling fraction to about 30%. Domestic RD on high density scintillator glasses has delivered qualified tiles validated by radioactive source and cosmic muon measurements. Full simulation predicts single hadron resolution of 29.8%/sqrt{E} (+) 6.5% and boson mass resolution of 3.87 % for H -> gg. Future work covers mass production techniques, common DAQ software and further beam test studies toward a PFA-based high granularity hadronic calorimeter.

Speaker: Haijun Yang (Shanghai Jiao Tong University (CN) and TDLI)

17 Lastest progress on the PandaX experiment

PandaX experiment is located at the China Jinping Underground Laboratory and utilizes a series of dual-phase xenon time projection chambers for dark matter direct detection and neutrino studies. Recently, the PandaX-4T experiment, equipped with a 4-ton liquid xenon target, has completed its data-taking phase. To achieve better sensitivity to rare signals, the first phase of the next-generation experiment, PandaX-20T, is being developed with more powerful subsystems and stricter background control. In this talk, I will present an overview of the PandaX experiment and mainly focus on the detector design of the PandaX-20T experiment.

Speaker: Xiangyi Cui (Shanghai Jiao Tong University)

18 Accelerator Mass Spectrometry in Novosibirsk: Current Status, Long-Term Performance and Detector Development

The NSU-NSC Accelerator Mass Spectrometry Center for Collective Use has been established in Novosibirsk. It combines two AMS facilities - the compact MICADAS AMS (manufactured by Ionplus, Switzerland) and the Budker Institute of Nuclear Physics (BINP) AMS - as well as two graphite target preparation systems. The Center currently performs radiocarbon measurements for a wide range of scientific and applied studies, including archaeological and geological dating, paleoclimatic and environmental research, as well as biomedical studies. In 2022, the Center successfully participated in the Glasgow International Radiocarbon Intercomparison (GIRI).
The presentation will provide an overview of the current status of the AMS infrastructure in Novosibirsk and the results of long-term MICADAS operation. Particular attention will be given to the long-term stability of standard and blank measurements, as well as to the reproducibility of results for samples prepared using different graphitization systems.
The BINP AMS is currently being upgraded for future multi-isotope measurements. One of the key tasks in advancing multi-isotope AMS is the development of detector systems for rare-ion identification and suppression of isobaric background. In this context, a low-pressure Time Projection Chamber (TPC) with Gas Electron Multiplier (GEM) amplification developed by our group will be presented, together with prospects for its application to isobar separation, particularly to the separation of 10B and 10Be.

Speaker: Tamara Shakirova (Budker Institute of Nuclear Physics)

19 Neutrino-Nucleus Interaction Measurements with Nuclear Emulsion Detectors in the NINJA Experiment

Nuclear emulsion detectors have played an important role in the history of cosmic-ray and high-energy physics experiments, contributing to landmark discoveries such as the pion and the tau neutrino. Building on this long tradition, the NINJA collaboration has developed dedicated nuclear emulsion techniques to perform precision measurements of neutrino–nucleus interactions in the energy range from several hundred MeV to a few GeV. A series of neutrino–nucleus interaction measurements has been conducted using emulsion-based detectors with water and iron targets in the near detector hall of the T2K experiment at J-PARC. The emulsion detector is suitable for precision measurements of charged particles produced in neutrino interactions with a low momentum threshold, especially low momentum protons as low as 200 MeV/c, thanks to its thin-layered structure and sub-μm spatial resolution. In this talk, we will introduce the nuclear emulsion detection techniques developed for the NINJA experiment and present recent results and the current status of neutrino–nucleus interaction measurements with NINJA.

Speaker: Hitoshi Oshima (Tokyo Denki University)

2:50 PM Coffee Break

2:50 PM Coffee Break

Parallel A: Parallel A | WG1 + WG4 + WG5

Convener: Petr Tuev (Budker Institute of Nuclear Physics SB RAS)

20 Kicker Development at SARI

This paper presents the development status of kicker magnets for existing operational and under-construction accelerator light source facilities at the Shanghai Advanced Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences. It focuses on kicker magnets deployed for synchrotron radiation light sources (e.g., SSRF) and free-electron laser facilities (SXFEL and SHINE), including the design specifications and test results of both the magnets and their pulsed power supplies.

Speaker: Yongfang Liu (SARI, CAS)

21 Laser-Wakefield-Accelerator-Driven MeV Ultrafast Electron Diffraction Source

MeV ultrafast electron diffraction (UED) is a widely used tool for studying ultrafast structural dynamics in many scientific fields. The laser wakefield accelerator (LWFA), with its ultrahigh accelerating gradient, ultrasmall accelerating structure, and natural synchronization between the laser and the electron beam, offers new possibilities for building tabletop UED sources with high temporal resolution. Based on a 10-TW-class ultra-intense laser system, we carried out laser wakefield acceleration research and built a permanent-magnet-based compact high-quality beam transport system and a high-resolution diagnostic system based on terahertz (THz) deflecting cavity technology. Through beam transport and energy filtering, a diffraction probe with an energy spread of 3% and a charge of 11.9 fC was obtained. Characterized by the THz deflecting cavity, a temporal resolution of 49.8 fs was ultimately achieved. This study represents the first demonstration of a tabletop, hundred-femtosecond-level temporally resolved, MeV-level ultrafast electron diffraction facility based on a laser wakefield accelerator, demonstrating the broad application prospects of this novel scientific instrument in ultrafast dynamics research and marking another important breakthrough in the application of ultra-intense ultrafast lasers and laser wakefield accelerator technology in ultrafast science.

Speaker: Yu Fang (Tsinghua University)

22 Research Progress of the Peking University Laser Accelerated Proton Radiotherapy System CLAPA-II

Propelled by high-power laser advancements, Laser Plasma Accelerators (LPA) are transitioning from research to engineering, offering gradients thousands of times higher than conventional accelerators. This report details Peking University’s CLAPA team’s progress, highlighting the "Huatuo-1" PW-class proton accelerator. Achieving over 115 MeV, the team overcame stability bottlenecks, paving the way for the world's first laser proton therapy clinical trials in 2026. Scientifically, the team pioneered "Super-FLASH" radiotherapy, which effectively kills tumors while sparing normal tissue, and utilized laser beams to reveal unique material mechanisms under extreme conditions. The report concludes by outlining future applications in nuclear clocks and space exploration, alongside plans for the Beijing Huairou Laser Acceleration Innovation Center.

Speaker: Enze Jiang (Peking University)

23 Design, Construction and Commissioning Status of Beamlines for IHEP PWFA TF

Abstarct: The Institute of High Energy Physics (IHEP) is constructing a plasma wakefield

acceleration (PWFA) test facility based on the BEPCII linac, comprising two

beamlines and a petawatt laser system. Beamline I delivers 2 GeV electron/positron

beams from BEPCII, while Beamline II is a newly built 150 MeV high-performance linac

capable of producing >5 nC, >10 kA electron bunches. Both beamlines are installed;

Beamline I and II have started beam commissioning and experiments on plasma wakefield

acceleration are planned to begin in the end of this year.

Speaker: Yiwei WANG

24 Development and Recent Progress of the Plasma Accelerator at SXFEL

The plasma accelerator at the Shanghai Soft X-ray Free-Electron Laser facility (SXFEL) combines high-quality electron beams with an existing undulator system to investigate plasma wakefield acceleration, beam manipulation and advanced light-source applications. This talk presents the platform layout and development, with a focus on electron-beam transport and matching, laser–electron beam coupling, plasma sources and beam diagnostics. Recent progress in longitudinal phase-space manipulation using a hollow plasma channel will then be discussed, including high-gain amplification, saturated soft X-ray FEL output and spectral tuning with the manipulated electron beam. Experience from commissioning and experiments will be used to discuss beam-quality preservation, spatial and temporal alignment, operational stability and diagnostic requirements. The talk will conclude with plans for further experiments on high-quality plasma acceleration and advanced FEL operation at SXFEL.

Speaker: Yixuan Liu

Parallel B: Parallel B | WG3 + WG7

Convener: Wencheng Fang (Shanghai Advanced Research Institute)

25 A Multi-ion Linac for Medical Radioisotope Production

Medical Radioisotopes have high potential for cancer treatment. However, a stable and independent isotope supply remains technologically challenging. To circumvent this constraint, we present here a Multi-ion Linac for Medical Radioisotopes. This Linac consists of two ion sources, an RFQ and several IH-DTLs. The layout, principle and the key RF components are discussed in this talk.

Speaker: Ping Wang (Shanghai Advanced Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences)

26 Development of High-Current Nb₃Sn Superconducting Electron Linear Accelerator for Medical Radioisotope Production

A high-current superconducting electron linear accelerator is being developed for large-scale production of medical radioisotopes, including 225Ac for targeted alpha therapy. The proposed accelerator employs 1.3-GHz Nb3Sn superconducting radio-frequency cavities operated near 4 K and cooled by conduction without liquid helium. Its design beam energy and average current are 40 MeV and 10 mA, respectively, corresponding to a beam power of 400 kW. The injector consists of an 80-keV gridded thermionic gun, a low-beta three-cell buncher, and booster cavities. The main accelerator uses four cryomodules, each providing approximately 9 MeV. Research and development are focused on Nb₃Sn cavity fabrication, low-thermal-resistance conduction cooling, and a robust 1.3-GHz RF-gated electron source. This paper summarizes the conceptual design and recent component-development results toward a beam-acceleration demonstration at KEK-STF.

Speaker: Shigeru Kashiwagi (Tohoku University)

27 Australian Based Accelerator Production of Actinium-225 for Cancer

Actinium-225 (Ac-225) is emerging as one of the most promising radionuclides for targeted alpha therapy (TAT), particularly for the treatment of advanced and metastatic cancers. However, its wider clinical application is presently constrained by limited global production capacity and the availability of suitable production feedstock.
Southern Cross Medical Radioisotopes (SCMR) and the University of Wollongong (CMRP) are developing an Australian capability for accelerator-based production of Ac-225 using the photonuclear reaction Ra-226(γ,n)Ra-225 → Ac-225. The proposed approach employs a high-power electron accelerator to generate an intense bremsstrahlung photon beam for irradiation of Ra-226 targets. Following irradiation, Ac-225 is recovered through radiochemical separation while the remaining Ra-226 is recycled for subsequent production cycles.
An important component of the Australian program is the recovery and beneficial reuse of legacy Ra-226 sources, including historical medical radium sources, as potential feedstock for Ac-225 production. Development work also includes target preparation, optimisation of irradiation conditions, Ra-226/Ac-225 separation and recycling processes, and evaluation of scalable production systems.
The objective is to establish a reliable and scalable Australian source of Ac-225 capable of supporting future clinical and research requirements in Australia while contributing to the rapidly increasing demand for alpha-emitting medical radionuclides throughout the Asia-Pacific region. At full-scale production, the proposed facility could produce more than 150 Ci of Ac-225 annually, with production well beyond Australian requirements available to support growing demand across the Asia-Pacific region.
This presentation will describe the accelerator production concept, the Australian development program and current progress, and opportunities for collaboration with accelerator, radiochemistry and medical-isotope research groups across the Asia-Pacific region.

Speaker: Graeme Melville (University of Wollongong)

28 The TINT 30 MeV Cyclotron: A Multipurpose Facility for Radioisotope Production and Research Beamlines

The Thailand Institute of Nuclear Technology (TINT) has established a cyclotron facility in Nakhon Nayok to provide a domestic supply of medical radioisotopes and accelerated proton and deuteron beams for materials science research. The MCC-30/15 cyclotron, supplied by JSC NIIEFA, accelerates H− ions to 15–30 MeV at up to 200 µA and D− ions to 9-15 MeV at up to 50 µA, and the beam is extracted by charge exchange on carbon stripping foils. Installation of the cyclotron and its major subsystems has been completed, and the external injection system has been tested with H− currents of up to 2 mA. The cyclotron serves three beamlines: two for radioisotope production and one for research and development.
The primary objective of the facility is the domestic production of medical radioisotopes. The production area, which has been approved by the Thai Food and Drug Administration, comprises solid target stations for 201Tl, 67Ga, 64Cu and 89Zr, a liquid target for 18F, hot cells and quality-control equipment. Production will begin with 18F and 68Ga radiopharmaceuticals and then extend to 64Cu and 89Zr, while 44Sc, 155Tb, 61Cu/67Cu and 123I are planned from 2028.
The secondary objective is research and development, served by the third beamline. The beamline terminates at a five-port switching magnet that will feed two stations for particle-induced X-ray and gamma-ray emission (PIXE/PIGE) analysis: an in-air station from 2027 and an in-vacuum station, designed and manufactured in-house, from 2030. Because PIXE and PIGE require 2-5 MeV protons, an energy-adjustable section consisting of an aluminum degrader, a two-stage copper collimator, a Rutherford backscattering energy measurement system and a Faraday cup has been designed. In addition, the photon and neutron dose equivalents arising from radiopharmaceutical production and from beam energy degradation in the research beamline have been investigated as part of the radiation safety assessment of the facility. This contribution presents an overview of the radiopharmaceutical production beamlines, the design of the research beamline and the results of the radiation safety assessment.

Speaker: Ekkachai Kongmon (Thailand Institute of Nuclear Technology (Public Organization))

29 STATUS OF BNCT Clinical Equipment Developed by IHEP

Boron neutron capture therapy (BNCT) is an emerging binary targeted radiotherapy modality that selectively destroys cancer cells while sparing surrounding healthy tissue. It offers significant advantages for treating invasive, recurrent, or metastatic refractory tumors, such as glioma, melanoma, and recurrent head and neck cancers. An IHEP-developed BNCT clinical facility is located at Dongguan People's Hospital. The facility is based on an accelerator system comprising an ion source and a radio-frequency quadrupole (RFQ) accelerator, and includes three treatment rooms.
The system has been installed and operated at Dongguan People's Hospital since 2024. The neutron flux density meets IAEA clinical standards. The equipment successfully passed the national Class III medical device registration inspection on March, 2025, fulfilling the necessary qualifications for clinical trials.
Since the initiation of Phase I clinical trials in August 2025, a total of 21 patients with recurrent head and neck tumors have completed treatment as of mid-2026, with favorable efficacy and minimal side effects reported. The project is currently advancing toward Phase II clinical trials, with plans to complete all clinical trials and obtain marketing approval from the National Medical Products Administration.

Speaker: Jianfei tong (IHEP)

30 Experimental Evaluation of MOSFET and SOI Microdosimeters for Boron Neutron Capture Therapy Applications

Boron Neutron Capture Therapy (BNCT) is a binary radiotherapy using 10B(n,a)7Li reaction to kill cancer cells with 10B uptake when irradiated with thermal neutrons. The transition from reactor to accelerator-based neutron production has renewed global interest in BNCT, with 80% of the world’s 33 operational facilities using accelerator-based systems. Real-time neutron detectors for thermal flux measurements and RBE prediction are essential for advancing BNCT Quality Assurance.
Our study evaluates microscopic-sized detectors (MOSFET-based ‘MOSkin’ and SOI Microdosimeter), developed by CMRP at UOW, that mimic the scale of human cells and the way radiation interacts within them. Experiments were performed at the Kansai BNCT Medical Center (Osaka, Japan) using the linear array of 5 MOSFETs [1] with pitch 5mm centered in a beam axis and orthogonal to the beam and SOI microdosimeter MicroPlus2 [2] both in a waterproof PMMA sheath, positioned in water phantom. Both the MOSFETs and the SOI microdosimeters of varying thickness of the cylindrical sensitive volumes (SV) of height 10µm, 5µm and 2µm and diameter 20µm were covered with an enriched 10B carbide film 1µm thickness [3] (equivalent 759,000ppm 10B, with 300µm air gap above SVs), mimicking uptake of 10B on a cell surface. Geant4 Monte Carlo simulations were used to compare with experimental data.
The results show excellent agreement within 5% of measured the thermal neutron flux with MOSFET array vs depth in water with calculated by Monte Carlo has been observed. Microdosimetric spectra are dominated by high lineal energy (very high ppm) 10B capture events peak with yD; 42.4, 84.8, and 146.6 keV/µm corresponding to 10, 5, and 2µm SOI microdosimeter and in agreement with G4 simulations demonstrating that in 2µm thick SV most events are crossers. These results confirm the expectations from previous simulation studies [4, 5].
These are the first experimental results using SOI Mushroom microdosimeter in BNCT facility, which demonstrate that the SOI microdosimeter can be used for active real-time measurement of different dose components in BNCT. SOI microdosimeter and MOSkin covered with 10B film measure relative dose as function of depth, providing a real-time relative reading of the thermal neutron component. Next generation of the SOI microdosimeters will be coated with 40-100 ppm 10B during fabrication.

[1]. Rosenfeld A B (2016), “Novel detectors for silicon based microdosimetry”, NIM Sec. A 809.
[2]. Tran L T (2022), “Silicon 3D Microdosimeters for Advanced QA in Particle Therapy”, Applied Sciences, 12(1), 238.
[3]. Höglund C (2012), “B4C thin films for neutron detection”, Journal of Applied Physics 111.
[4]. Vohradsky J (2019), “Evaluation of silicon based microdosimetry for BNCT QA”, Physica Medica 66.
[5]. Hu N (2018), “Feasibility study 3D silicon microdosimeter for microdosimetric analysis in BNCT”, Appl. Radiat. Isot. 140.

Speaker: James Vohradsky

31 SRF-TEM: Development of a Superconducting RF-Based Transmission Electron Microscope at KEK

In recent years, transmission electron microscopy (TEM) has increasingly focused on achieving high spatial resolution at lower electron energies. However, higher electron energies remain desirable for the observation of thick specimens and high-density materials, as well as for investigating phenomena and material properties that depend on specimen thickness. Conventional TEMs rely on electrostatic acceleration, which imposes practical limitations on further increases in electron energy.

To overcome this limitation, we are developing an SRF-TEM (Superconducting Radio-Frequency Transmission Electron Microscope), a new TEM concept that applies superconducting radio-frequency (SRF) accelerator technology to electron microscopy. By employing a superconducting RF cavity for beam acceleration, the SRF-TEM has the potential to achieve electron energies beyond the practical range of conventional TEMs in a compact system.

One of the major challenges of RF acceleration is the increase in beam energy spread caused by the time-varying accelerating field. To mitigate this effect, we have developed a unique superconducting cavity, “2-mode cavity”, in which the $\textrm{TM}_{010}$ and $\textrm{TM}_{020}$ modes are simultaneously excited to compensate for the RF-induced energy spread.

At KEK, we are currently developing the key components of the SRF-TEM, including a photocathode electron gun, the 2-mode cavity, and a cryomodule, based on an existing 300 kV TEM platform. This presentation will introduce the SRF-TEM concept and report recent progress toward the construction of a proof-of-principle system.

Speaker: Nao HIGASHI (KEK)

3:30 PM Coffee Break

Parallel C: Parallel C | WG2 + WG6

Convener: Haijun Yang (Shanghai Jiao Tong University (CN) and TDLI)

32 Gamma/Neutron Detection System in SLEGS Beamline

The Shanghai Laser Electron Gamma Source (SLEGS) is one of the beamlines at the SSRF, producing energy-tunable gamma-ray beams via laser Compton slant-scattering (LCSS) of 10.64 μm laser photons from a CO₂ laser off 3.5 GeV electrons. We confirmed the generation of gamma-ray beams in the energy range from 0.66 MeV to 21.7 MeV, with an energy scanning accuracy of 20 keV. At the SLEGS beamline, an NRF (Nuclear Resonance Fluorescence) detection system based on 4 HPGe detectors and 8 LaBr₃ gamma detectors has been established. In addition, a flat-efficiency neutron detection system (FED) based on ³He neutron counters and a neutron time-of-flight detector (n-TOF) based on EJ301 liquid scintillator detectors have also been established. Based on this Gamma/Neutron Detection System, SLEGS has carried out a number of high-quality experiments.

Speaker: Gongtao Fan (Shanghai Advanced Research Institute)

33 STARLIGHT : a kilohertz Hybrid Pixel Array Detector for SHINE with Charge Integrating Readout

SHINE is the first hard X-ray FEL facility in China. With high pulse repetation (up to 1MHz), short pulse width, high brightness and strong coherence, SHINE will supply a powerful solution for kinds of revolutional scientific research in physics, chemistry, materials, biology and so on. In order to efficiently utilize the unique photons of SHINE, some particular performances are required for the 2D area detectors, like single photon sensitive, large dynamic range and high frame readout rate. STARLIGHT (SemiconducTor Array detectoR with Large dynamIc ranGe and cHarge inTegrating readout, SL) is a pixel array detector developed for the special requirements of SHINE. The typical properties of SL are charge integrating readout, high frame rate (≥10kHz) and large dynamic range (≥10k photons @ 12keV). In this report, the background, design and progress of SL will be shown.

Speaker: 旭东 鞠 (上海科技大学)

34 X-ray Detector Development for the High Energy Photon Source

The High Energy Photon Source (HEPS) in Beijing will be one of the world's brightest synchrotron radiation X-ray sources, with brightness >10²², photon energies up to ~300 keV, and an eventual capacity of 90 beamlines (14 in Phase I). Such extreme source parameters place stringent demands on detector performance, and detectors have become a key factor limiting how fully the source can be exploited. This contribution presents the detector development program at IHEP, spanning photon-counting, spectroscopy, position-monitoring and timing instruments.

The flagship effort is the HEPS-BPIX 6M (BPIX-40) photon-counting pixel detector, the fourth generation of the BPIX family and the first to reach beamline-grade scale. Using a 140 µm × 140 µm pixel on a 450-µm silicon sensor and 2×6-chip modules of 256 × 576 pixels, forty modules yield 5.9 Mpixels per system. The chip provides two thresholds and 2-bit tunable gain, >1 Mcps/pixel, 14-bit counting depth and a 100 Hz continuous frame rate (up to 1 kHz). The full system—ASIC, sensor, bump-bonded packaging, readout electronics, mechanics, DAQ and software—is designed as an integrated solution. After commissioning it has served as the main detector of the biological macromolecular crystallography beamline, supporting user experiments at 1.5 Å resolution, and a 6M/2M/1M series is being prepared as standard equipment for Phase-I and Phase-II beamlines.

Complementary detectors address the other beamline needs. A single-crystal diamond X-ray beam position monitor (XBPM; 50 µm thick, four-quadrant, ~30 units installed) provides real-time sub-micron spot-position monitoring at up to 4 MHz sampling. A silicon drift detector (SDD) achieves 144 eV FWHM at 5.9 keV with semiconductor cooling and vacuum packaging, and is being extended to 16–64 pixel array spectroscopy detectors for XRF/XAFS. An APD-based time-resolved detector delivers sub-nanosecond timing and up to 8 Mcps for nuclear resonance scattering. A photon-counting silicon strip detector (100 µm strip, 187 e⁻ ENC, 3.4 keV threshold, 2.3 MHz/strip) offers a high-rate alternative to commercial strip systems, while LGAD sensors supply 90% of the ATLAS HGTD production and are being adapted for X-ray timing. Future directions—high-frame-rate ultrafast and large-dynamic-range integrating pixel detectors, array SDD spectrometers—are briefly outlined, together with the supporting PAPS R&D platform.

Speaker: Wei Wei (IHEP, CAS)

AFAD_WeiWei.pdf

35 Recent Advances in Neutron Detector Development and Applications at CSNS

The construction, user operation, and Phase-II upgrade of the China Spallation Neutron Source (CSNS) impose diverse requirements on neutron detectors, including large-area coverage, high detection efficiency, high counting-rate capability, high spatial and temporal resolution, and long-term operational reliability. To meet the scientific requirements of different neutron instruments, the Detector and Electronics Group at CSNS has continuously developed neutron detectors, dedicated readout electronics, and data acquisition systems. A comprehensive detector technology portfolio has been established, covering ^3He-based gas detectors, 6LiF/ZnS(Ag) scintillation detectors, ^10B-based microstructured gas detectors, neutron imaging detectors, as well as dedicated ASICs and DAQ systems.
For gas detectors, the group has developed ^3He tube arrays and ^3He multi-wire proportional chambers (MWPCs), while continuously advancing the localization of position-sensitive 3He tubes and their key components. Indigenous capabilities covering detector tubes, readout electronics, array integration, and performance characterization have been established, providing an important technical basis for the domestic supply of key neutron detector components. For large-area scintillation detectors, continuous developments have been carried out based on ^6LiF/ZnS(Ag) neutron conversion screens, wavelength-shifting fibers, and SiPM readout. Through optimization of neutron conversion structures, light collection and optical coupling, position reconstruction, and highly integrated electronics, significant improvements in detection efficiency, spatial resolution, and counting-rate capability have been achieved. These detector systems have been deployed on several neutron instruments at CSNS. In parallel, 10B-based GEM and other emerging gas-detector technologies are being investigated as alternative solutions to 3He detectors and for applications requiring higher counting rates.
For neutron imaging, the group has developed two-dimensional position-sensitive detection technologies toward higher detection efficiency and improved spatial and temporal resolution. Research activities include energy-resolved neutron imaging detectors, high-resolution scintillation imaging detectors, and high-speed pixelated detector technologies. Combined with the time-of-flight technique available at a pulsed neutron source, these detectors enable simultaneous acquisition of neutron energy and two-dimensional spatial information, providing multidimensional characterization capabilities for internal structures, defects, and energy-dependent properties of advanced materials and engineering components.
In parallel with detector development, low-noise, low-power, and highly integrated dedicated ASICs, FPGA-based real-time signal processing, event reconstruction, and networked DAQ technologies have been developed, establishing a complete technology chain from neutron conversion materials and detector devices to front-end electronics, data acquisition, and reconstruction algorithms. This contribution will present the major detector technologies, recent technical advances, and instrument applications at CSNS, and will discuss future neutron detector developments toward higher flux, higher counting rates, and improved spatial and temporal resolution for CSNS-II.

Speaker: Mr Zhijia Sun (Spallation Neutron Source Science Center)

36 Measurement of TPB re-emission efficiency for two-phase argon detectors

The Budker Institute of Nuclear Physics is developing a two-phase (gas and liquid) detector based on argon. Liquid argon detectors are widely used in experiments to search for dark matter, to study neutrino oscillations and coherent elastic scattering of neutrinos on nuclei, and as veto systems in double beta decay experiments.

Argon has a high light yield (20000 — 40000 photons/MeV), but the light emission occurs in the vacuum ultraviolet (VUV), where photodetectors have low quantum efficiency. For this reason, it is necessary to use a wavelength shifters, among which 1,1,4,4-tetraphenyl-1,3-butadiene (TPB) is the most suitable. Measuring the re-emission efficiency and studying the aging effects of TPB films are critical aspects for the operation of two-phase detectors and, therefore, for the ultimate sensitivity of low-energy physics experiments.

In this study, the re-emission efficiency of TPB films with thicknesses of 20, 100, and 200 µg/cm² obtained by vacuum deposition was measured. At the initial moment of time, the efficiency was the same, 1.16 re-emitted photons in the visible range per one absorbed VUV photon. For a film with a thickness of 100 µg/cm², the efficiency did not change over the year of observations, but for a film with a thickness of 20 µg/cm², the efficiency decreased to 0.75. Optical and electron microscope images were taken, and X-ray fluorescence analysis was conducted to find the reasons for the decrease in re-emission efficiency.

Speaker: Timofey Miheev

AFAD2026_v3.pdf

Parallel A: Parallel A | WG1 + WG4 + WG5

Convener: Yiwei WANG

37 Progress and prospects in laser wakefield accelerator-driven free-electron lasers at SIOM

Laser wakefield accelerators (LWFAs) feature an ultrahigh accelerating gradient exceeding 100 GV/m, holding great promise for developing compact particle accelerators and tabletop X-ray free-electron lasers (FELs). Realizing LWFA-driven tabletop FELs has been recognized as one of the major challenges in this field for the coming decade. Although several research groups worldwide have achieved proof-of-principle demonstrations of tabletop FELs, the quality and stability of the electron beams remain inadequate. Consequently, improving the performance of tabletop FELs still faces numerous challenges. This report presents our team's roadmap for developing tabletop FELs. It describes the key physical mechanisms and optimization strategies for generating high-quality electron beams from LWFAs, as well as our latest research progress in LWFA-driven tabletop FELs. Finally, we provide an outlook on future development plans and prospects for tabletop FELs.

Speaker: Ke Feng (Shanghai Institute of Optics and Fine Mechanics, Chinese Academy of Sciences)

38 Accuracy analysis of particle pushers for PIC simulations

Plasma acceleration technology opens up promising prospects for the development of modern particle accelerators. The complexity of this phenomenon makes numerical modelling essential for its study. The primary numerical method is particle-in-cell simulation. The accuracy of the macroparticle trajectory calculation is crucial for determining the simulation precision. Modern numerical methods make it possible to solve equations of motion with greater accuracy than classical approaches, while maintaining computational costs of the same order. This work presents a comparative analysis of several integrators of charged particle trajectories to evaluate their accuracy and performance.

Speaker: Petr Tuev (Budker Institute of Nuclear Physics SB RAS)

39 Generation of quasi-monoenergetic electron beams with energies up to 60 MeV and charges of tens of pC on a terawatt laser system.

The generation of electron beams with high average and peak powers by an intense laser pulse is largely associated with the engineering of a plasma target, the parameters of
which determine both the efficiency of the particle acceleration process and the ability to rapidly resume upon the arrival of the next impulse. This work is aimed at creating a bright laser-plasma source of high-energy electrons and neutrons for the above applications based on the interaction of intense laser radiation with the plasma of a gas jet shaped by shock waves of additional laser pulses.
Experiments were conducted to accelerate electrons in hydrogen gas jet using a 1.5 TW femtosecond laser (50 fs, 75 mJ). In the absence of a shock wave, exponential spectra with energies up to 20–25 MeV were obtained. With the addition of a shock wave (5 mJ pulse, 4 ns lead time), a quasi-monoenergetic beam was formed with an energy of 30–60 MeV, a spectral width of 5 MeV, a divergence of 0.5°. The beam charge is determined by beam loading and varies from 20 pC for a 60 MeV beam to 60 pC at 30 MeV. Energy and charge control is achieved by varying the position of the shock wave. A neutron yield of 8x10^5 neutrons per shot was obtained on a lead secondary target.
3D PIC modeling (SMILEI) was performed, confirming the experiment. In experiments and PIC modeling, three stages of interaction were identified for a hydrogen jet: the formation of a plasma channel with self-focusing and self-modulation, the transition to a plasma bubble regime with increasing laser amplitude (a₀=2–3), and the self-injection of electrons accelerated to ~30 MeV with the formation of a quasi-monoenergetic spectrum. However, the high plasma density (nₑ=0.02–0.03n_cr) reduces the phase velocity of the wave to 0.98c, causing rapid dephasing, energy loss, and an increase in the transverse spread of electrons. This problem is solved by interrupting acceleration by modulating the density profile with a shock wave. This causes rephasing, allowing electron energies to increase to 60 MeV with a charge of 20 pC. By choosing a different position of the shock front that interrupts acceleration, it is possible to obtain beams with a charge up to 80 pC, but with an energy of 25–30 MeV. The decrease in energy is due to the beam loading effect.

Speaker: Ivan Tsymbalov (Institute for Nuclear Research of the Russian Academy of Sciences)

6:30 PM Banquet

Thu, October 15

Plenary

Convener: Yuan He

40 Strategy for sustainable operation of accelerator-based light sources

A major challenge encountered when upgrading long-operating, large-scale facilities such as APS, ESRF, and PETRA-III was addressing the aging of beam injectors. Since maintaining dedicated beam injectors is costly, it is essential to devise applications that leverage their specific beam characteristics. Integrating the facility's accelerator complex through a phased, comprehensive upgrade will likely be crucial for long-term operation of the facility, as it will simultaneously address aging issues. In this presentation, we will first introduce the issues appeared during an actual upgrade project and then discuss the SPring-8 case as an example of a strategic upgrade that addressed those challenges.

Speaker: Hitoshi Tanaka (SPring-8)

41 Construction and Commissioning of the HEPS

The High Energy Photon Source (HEPS) is the first fourth-generation synchrotron radiation light source project in China, with an electron energy of 6 GeV, a circumference of 1360 m and a natural emittance of a few tens of picometers. As a green-field light source, the HEPS construction started in 2019 and is scheduled to be completed in 2025. Now civil construction, component fabrication and tunnel installation have been complected, and multipole milestones have been achieved in commissioning of the accelerator and beamlines. The HEPS pass the performance acceptance review in October 2025. We will report the construction process, the commissioning progress of the HEPS and the experience of pilot user operation, where the challenges faced and corresponding measures during the commissioning are introduced.

Speaker: Yi Jiao (Institute of High Energy Physics)

42 Accelerator Progress of the Hefei Advanced Light Facility

The Hefei Advanced Light Facility (HALF) is a soft X-ray diffraction-limited storage ring light source currently under construction in Hefei, China, with completion scheduled for October 2028. The HALF accelerator complex primarily comprises a diffraction-limited storage ring, with a full-energy linac as its injector. The natural emittance of the HALF storage ring is 85 pm·rad at 2.2 GeV. In September 2026, the full-energy linac achieved first beam. Installation of the storage ring components is currently underway, and beam commissioning is expected to begin in March 2027. This report will present the accelerator progress of HALF.

Speaker: Zhenghe Bai (USTC)

10:30 AM Coffee Break

Plenary

Convener: Hitoshi Tanaka (SPring-8)

43 Accelerator Driven Advanced Nuclear System and its Experimental Facility CiADS

Speaker: Mr Yuan He

44 Progress of the SHINE Accelerator

The Shanghai HIgh repititioN rate XFEL and Extreme light facility (SHINE) is one of the world's most powerful photon sources. Initiated in 2018, this project is designed to build an 8 GeV continuous-wave superconducting linac operating at a repetition rate as high as 1 MHz, with two beamlines delivering photons between 0.2 and 15 keV and six experimental stations in the first stage. Following a step-by-step installation and commissioning approach, major phased milestones are being achieved annually from 2024 to 2026: the 100 MeV injector, 300 MeV linac section, 4 GeV linac with soft X-ray FEL line. This talk will present the progress of SHINE construction and commissioning to date.

Speaker: Bo Liu (Shanghai Advanced Research Institute)

12:00 PM Lunch

Parallel A: Parallel A | WG1 + WG4 + WG5

Convener: Renjun Yang (Institute of High Energy Physics)

45 High-Quality Electron Beams from LWFA for Compact XUV FEL

Laser-wakefield acceleration (LWFA) offers a promising route toward compact free-electron lasers (FELs), but achieving the required beam quality and stability remains a major challenge. Here, we demonstrate the generation of high-quality, reproducible monoenergetic electron beams using a compact 0.8 J laser system through optimization of the plasma density, electron injection, laser wavefront, and gas-jet stability. The electron beams were successfully transported into an undulator, producing FEL radiation at a central wavelength of 40 nm with an exponential gain of approximately 20. Start-to-end simulations show good agreement with the experiment, supporting the development of compact and tunable XUV FEL sources driven by LWFA.

Speaker: YANJUN GU (The University of Osaka)

46 Dielectric Laser Acceleration Development at the University of Tokyo

At the University of Tokyo, we are conducting research on dielectric laser acceleration (DLA), in which charged particles are directly accelerated by the electromagnetic fields of laser light, potentially enabling a substantial reduction in accelerator size. We are developing a DLA system driven by a 2-µm thulium-doped fiber laser with high wall-plug efficiency and employing microfabricated silicon and/or glass structures as dielectric accelerating structures, with the aim of demonstrating proof-of-principle electron acceleration. In this presentation, we report the current status of DLA acceleration experiments at the University of Tokyo and discuss future prospects.

Speaker: Kazuyuki Sakaue (The University of Tokyo)

47 Spectral Control of High-Charge Electron Beams via Ionization Injection Assisted by a Plasma Density Down-Ramp

Laser wakefield acceleration (LWFA) is a promising approach for generating high-charge electron beams for various applications. In collaboration with the Kansai Institute for Photon Science (QST-KPSI), we have been conducting experimental studies of LWFA using ionization injection to generate high-charge electron beams.
To improve the spectral quality of the accelerated electron beam, a plasma density down-ramp was introduced near the laser entrance region to control the electron injection process. The density profile was modified by inserting a blade into the gas flow, and the influence of the blade position on the electron energy spectrum was investigated. The experimental results showed that the beam monochromaticity depends on the blade position, demonstrating the effectiveness of density down-ramp injection. However, the electron energy achieved in the present experiment was limited to approximately 100 MeV.
In this presentation, we will report experimental results obtained at QST, together with related particle-in-cell simulations that provide insight into the electron injection dynamics. We will also introduce ongoing research activities on laser-plasma acceleration at Utsunomiya University.

Speaker: Takamitsu Otsuka (Utsunomiya University)

48 Control of Electron Injection and Acceleration in LWFA Using a Plasma Density Down-Ramp

Laser wakefield acceleration (LWFA) can produce high-energy electron beams over a short acceleration distance. In collaboration with the Kansai Institute for Photon Science (QST-KPSI), we have investigated the control of electron injection and acceleration through plasma density shaping and laser focusing.
A plasma density down-ramp was introduced near the laser entrance to trigger and control electron injection. We varied the laser beam diameter and the plasma density to examine their effects on electron injection and subsequent acceleration. The electron energy spectrum strongly depended on these experimental parameters, and we successfully generated quasi-monoenergetic electron beams with energies up to 700 MeV. These results suggest that the injection process and energy gain can be controlled by appropriately combining the plasma density profile with the laser focusing conditions.
In this presentation, we will report the experimental results obtained at QST and discuss the injection and acceleration dynamics with the aid of particle-in-cell simulations.

Speaker: Juntaro Takaku (Graduate School of Regional Development and Creativity, Utsunomiya University)

49 Boosting Betatron Emission in Few-TW Laser Wakefield Acceleration via Asymmetric Target Density Profiles

The development of high-repetition-rate, few-terawatt (TW) laser systems enables the generation of high-average-flux few-keV betatron X-rays for coherent diffraction imaging and submicrometer-scale sample characterization. In principle, the betatron radiation power scales as $P_\beta \propto n_e^2 \gamma^2 r_\beta^2$ [1], where $n_e$ is the plasma density, $\gamma$ is the relativistic Lorentz factor of the electron, and $r_\beta$ is the electron oscillation radius. Therefore, tailoring the longitudinal plasma density profile, with an appropriate density up-ramp increasing the electron energy through phase locking [2] and a sharp density down-ramp promoting plasma-bubble expansion [3] and increasing $r_\beta$, provides a potential approach to enhancing betatron emission.

Based on these concepts, we perform particle-in-cell simulations to investigate the feasibility of enhancing betatron emission from laser wakefield acceleration driven by a 2-TW laser pulse interacting with an asymmetric plasma density profile. For a baseline 670-$\mu\text{m}$-wide Gaussian nitrogen target, an optimal peak electron density of $n_{e0} = 4 \times 10^{19}\text{ cm}^{-3}$ induces sufficient self-focusing of the laser pulse to drive LWFA and form well-defined plasma bubbles. Under these conditions, electrons are accelerated to approximately 70 MeV with an average oscillation radius of 1 $\mu\text{m}$, producing betatron X-rays extending to 6 keV. Increasing the front-side density up-ramp to an effective width of $w_f = 475\ \mu\text{m}$ allows the electrons to remain phase-locked with the accelerating field and reach a maximum energy of approximately 83 MeV, resulting in a twofold enhancement of the betatron radiation intensity. Further tailoring the rear-side density down-ramp to a shortened width of $w_b = 150\ \mu\text{m}$ facilitates plasma-bubble expansion and increases the electron oscillation radius to approximately 2 $\mu\text{m}$. This results in a sevenfold enhancement of the betatron emission relative to the baseline Gaussian target and extends the X-ray spectrum to approximately 10 keV. Our results confirm that a sub-mm-scale asymmetric gas target provides a promising approach to increasing electron energy and betatron oscillation amplitude, thereby enhancing betatron X-ray emission from few-TW laser wakefield accelerators.

References
[1] E. Esarey, B. A. Shadwick, P. Catravas, and W. P. Leemans, “Synchrotron radiation from electron beams in plasma-focusing channels,” Phys. Rev. E, 65, 056505 (2002).
[2] W. Rittershofer, C. B. Schroeder, E. Esarey, F. J. Grüner, and W. P. Leemans, “Tapered plasma channels to phase-lock accelerating and focusing forces in laser-plasma accelerators,” Phys. Plasma, 17, 063104 (2010).
[3] C.-H .Yu, J.-S. Liu, W.-T. Wang, W.-T. Li, R. Qi, Z.-J. Zhang, Z.-Y. Qin, J.-Q. Liu, M. Fang, K. Feng, Y. Wu, L.-T. Ke, Y. Chen, C. Wang, Y. Xu, Y. Leng, C.-Q. Xia, R.-X. Li, and Z.-Z. Xu, “Enhanced betatron radiation by steering a laser-driven plasma wakefield with a tilted shock front,” Appl. Phys. Lett. 112, 133503 (2018)

Speaker: 鉦瑋 簡 (國立清華大學)

50 Optimization of the Procedure for Achieving Design Optics Parameters of Synchrotron Light Sources

The conventional approach to accelerator optics tuning and commissioning rely on measuring the closed-orbit response matrix (ORM), yet its practical application is often constrained by the excessive data acquisition time, especially for modern facilities with hundreds of elements. This paper presents advanced techniques to substantially reduce the measurement time while preserving the high accuracy inherent to the ORM-based methods. These improvements enable near-real-time model tuning, which is essential for large and complicated fourth-generation light sources. The proposed methods have been benchmarked at the SKIF synchrotron radiation facility and can be directly applied to other modern storage rings.

Speaker: Rasim Mamutov (Budker Institute of Nuclear Physics)

51 Design Study for a THz Radiation Source at PAL e-labs via Plasma-Induced Electron Beam Microbunching

Microbunching of a long electron beam via interaction with a 1 THz plasma is investigated as a mechanism for generating coherent terahertz (THz) radiation. This work presents a theoretical design study for the Pohang Accelerator Laboratory (PAL) e-labs beamline, evaluating dependence of initial electron beam parameters on microbunch formation following plasma interaction.

The initial electron beam parameters under consideration: emittance, energy, charge, and RMS beam radius, are varied within the operational constraints of PAL e-labs beamline, building on an existing beamline proposal originally intended for studies of long-beam instabilities and extended here towards THz source applications. The sensitivity of microbunch formation and radiation output to these initial parameters is analysed.

Radiation output is estimated using a simplified scheme comprised of a collimator and dipole magnet. Optimisation of the beam parameters within the available constraints is shown to more than double the predicted yield of THz radiation relative to the baseline configuration.

These results indicate that plasma-induced microbunching in long electron beams offers a viable route towards compact THz source development at operating accelerator facilities, with performance dependent on achievable beam quality and transport parameters.

Speaker: Theo Williams (James Cook University)

Parallel B: Parallel B | WG3 + WG7

Convener: Kota Nakanishi (KEK)

52 Research and Development of a High Average Power Linac for Industrial Irradiation

This report presents the development of high-average-power S-band backward-traveling-wave (BTW) linear accelerators for industrial electron irradiation in Tsinghua University. The accelerator adopts a constant-gradient BTW accelerating structure that combines the advantages of traveling-wave and standing-wave configurations, achieving high shunt impedance, low power reflection, and short filling time. The design incorporates a tapered structure with optimized thermal management to handle high-power operation. High-power testing validates electron acceleration to 10 MeV with a peak pulse current exceeding 300 mA, and average output power of 40 kW. This advancement provides a high-performance solution for industrial and medical irradiation applications including food sterilization, medical device disinfection, and material processing.

Speaker: Jiaru Shi (Tsinghua University)

53 Applied Accelerator Development at SLRI: Electron Linac for Agricultural Irradiation and Proton Source for Isotope Production

The Accelerator Research and Development (ARD) division at SLRI is developing accelerator technologies for industrial and medical applications. This contribution presents the history and technical details of our in-house 6-MeV electron linac, including its recent fruit irradiation tests. We will introduce a new project to expand the linac into a demonstration center for agricultural product irradiation. We will also present our plan to produce isotopes for PET scans, using a proton accelerator based on an ECRIS, RFQ, and DTL. The ECRIS is currently in the procurement process, and this work is the first step toward this system.

Speaker: Prach Boonpornprasert (Synchrotron Light Research Institute (SLRI), Thailand)

AFAD2026_SLRI_Prach_Talk.pdf

AFAD2026_SLRI_Prach_Talk.pdf

54 Ultra-high dose rate X-ray radiator for studying flash radiotherapy

FLASH radiotherapy is a rapidly growing topic, with most evidence at the cell/animal level. It may spare normal tissue while maintaining tumor control comparable to conventional RT, but clinical progress remains slow. A major bottleneck is the lack of suitable accelerators/radiators. Protons from cyclotrons offer ultra-high dose rate (UHDR) and penetration but not rapid energy modulation; carbon synchrotrons lack UHDR; electron LINACs provide UHDR but limited penetration; X-ray LINACs offer penetration and need no energy modulation but currently lack UHDR. For protons/heavy ions, magnet tuning/switching takes 50–100 ms, still insufficient and lowering average dose rate in some tissues. Electrons can reach kGy/s–MGy/s, but conventional LINACs are 5–20 MeV; VHEE ≥100 MeV requires large, expensive facilities, though compact X-band/S-band designs are emerging. Laser plasma wakefield accelerators are compact but low dose rate.

X-rays were selected for narrow penumbra (10–90%: 6 mm), large fields, conformality, easier dosimetry/shielding, and compact economic potential (6–10 MeV, <1 m). Challenges include low dose rate (0.1–0.2 Gy/s vs FLASH threshold ≥40 Gy/s) and multi-angle irradiation. UHDR X-ray animal experiments use short SSD and single angle; clinical use needs large SAD and multiple angles. Gantry rotation within FLASH time is nearly impossible, so static multiple irradiators are proposed: one accelerator with multiple beamlines or multiple compact accelerators. Reported approaches include LLNL’s induction accelerator with four parallel beams, UCLA/RadiaBeam fast-rotating VMAT-FLASH, and CAEP’s superconducting accelerator, but 15 Gy/s at SAD=50 cm remains insufficient.

Tsinghua developed a compact S-band BTW linac for UHDR X-ray. A standing-wave S-band linac achieved 10 MeV, 7.5 MW peak power, 431 mA measured pulse current, 1% duty cycle, and 72 Gy/s at SAD=70 cm. A clinical concept uses five linacs with carefully chosen angles, suitable for IMRT and rotatable across fractions. A 2025 prototype is 3 m diameter and 2.5 m long, fitting conventional bunkers, with 45 Gy/s at SAD=80 cm and planned upgrade to 100 Gy/s. Compactness and cost-effectiveness remain key advantages of X-ray FLASH-RT.

Speaker: Hao Zha (Tsinghua University, Beijing, China)

55 HEPS Cryogenic System

The High Energy Photon Source (HEPS) is a 6 GeV synchrotron radiation light source equipped with a superconducting radio-frequency storage ring. Its seven SRF cryomodules operate at 4.5 K and are cooled by a helium cryoplant with a cooling capacity of 2.0 kW@4.5 K. Eleven cryogenic monochromators and six cryogenic permanent magnet undulators are installed onsite. A dedicated cryogenic system is developed to provide stable ultra-low-temperature operating conditions for HEPS.
The cryogenic system comprises helium and nitrogen cryoplants. The helium system supplies liquid helium for SRF cavities with a pressure stability of ±3 mbar and a liquid level stability of ±1%. The nitrogen system maintains the normal operation of 80K cryogenic devices. Customized automatic control strategies, optimized thermal insulation structures and cryogenic circulation loops are adopted to reduce heat loss and suppress cryogenic pressure fluctuations.
Field commissioning and operational results demonstrate that the system stably maintains the SRF cavities at 4.4 K, achieving a pressure stability better than ±3 mbar and a liquid level stability of ±1%, which fully meets the design targets. The LN₂ system operates continuously and reliably. With excellent adaptability and anti-interference capability, the cryogenic system can provide a valuable reference for the construction and operation of similar high-energy light source facilities.

Speaker: Changcheng Ma (Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences)

56 Response and Recovery of the RAON Cryogenic System Following a Momentary Power Outage

RAON, South Korea’s first heavy-ion accelerator, is equipped with the nation’s largest-capacity cryogenic system. The system consists of two cryogenic plants, one of which supports the operation of Superconducting Linear Accelerator 3 (SCL3). The SCL3 cryogenic system is designed to cool the superconducting linear accelerator down to 4.5 K and 2.05 K and to maintain stable cryogenic conditions during SCL3 operation. In 2026, a momentary power outage caused by a disturbance in the regional power grid affected the cryogenic system. Several cryogenic components shut down, increasing the system temperature and temporarily interrupting beam testing. A series of recovery actions and re-cooling procedures were carried out to restore stable cryogenic operation, after which beam testing was resumed. This presentation describes the response of the SCL3 cryogenic system to the momentary power outage and the subsequent recovery process. It also discusses the vulnerabilities identified during the event and measures to improve system reliability against future power disturbances.

Speaker: Dr BOGYEOM KIM (Institute for Basic Science)

57 Construction status of the ITN test bench

ITN (ILC Technology Network) is an international framework for carrying out technology development for the ILC (International Linear Collider). The ITN framework was launched in FY2023 and will continue for five years.

One of the technology development items involves manufacturing, cooling, and RF testing of the cryomodule. A cryogenic system is being developed to supply helium for cooling the cavities, thermal shields, and other thermal anchors.

The existing helium liquefier (Linde LR280) will be used. However, a change in the applicable Japanese regulatory framework is required, from the General High Pressure Gas Safety Rules to the Refrigeration Safety Rules.

The 2 K refrigerator uses the supplied 4.5 K liquid helium to provide superfluid helium at 2 K. It will be directly connected to the cryomodule under test. KEK has experience operating 2 K refrigerators at STF and cERL, and the basic configuration of the new system is based on these existing systems.

The liquefier and 2 K refrigerator will be connected by approximately 100 m of vacuum-insulated transfer lines. The transfer lines have been prepared in 4-m sections and will be installed next year.

The preparation status of the other components will also be presented.

This work was supported by [MEXT Development of key element technologies to improve the performance of future accelerators Program], Japan Grant Number JPMXP1423812204.

Speaker: Kota Nakanishi (KEK)

Parallel C: Parallel C | WG2 + WG6

Convener: Chunpeng Wang (Shanghai Advanced Research Institute)

58 The Data, Computing, Software and AI Status at IHEP

IHEP operates a series of large-scale facilities — BESIII, LHAASO, JUNO, HEPS, CSNS, with major roles at the LHC — generating petabyte-scale scientific data annually. This talk surveys the institute's integrated response across data infrastructure, computing platforms, scientific software, and AI for Science.

A federated data infrastructure anchored by the National High Energy Physics Scientific Data Center integrates HTC/HPC resources, distributed storage, and a FAIR-guided data management system covering the full data lifecycle. A next-generation computing architecture is being developed to unify heterogeneous resources across facilities, while scientific software efforts emphasize sustainability and international alignment.

On AI for Science, IHEP is deploying GPU-accelerated platforms, foundation models, and AI agent frameworks for real-time event reconstruction, fast simulation, autonomous beamline optimization, and AI-assisted discovery — supported by an institute-wide collaborative ecosystem bridging domain science and AI research. Current status and future roadmap will be presented.

Speaker: Fazhi Qi (Institute of High Energy Physics)

59 AI-driven beam dynamics simulation and design optimization

Modern accelerator design requires extensive beam dynamics simulations and efficient exploration of large parameter spaces. Complex nonlinear dynamics and collective effects make these tasks computationally demanding. Artificial intelligence (AI) offers opportunities to accelerate beam dynamics simulation and improve the efficiency of accelerator design optimization. This talk revisits how AI approaches can connect computationally efficient surrogate models with effective design optimization. Based on our previous work, we discuss strategies for constructing fast surrogate models for nonlinear beam dynamics and collective effects, and demonstrate how machine learning can enhance conventional multi-objective optimization algorithms. Representative examples show the surrogate models can achieve percent-level accuracy while reduce computing time by orders of magnitude, enabling broader exploration of accelerator design space within limited computing time and/or resources.

Speaker: Jinyu Wan (Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences)

AI-driven_Beam_Dynamics_Simulation_and_Design_Optimization_JinyuWan.pdf

60 Data-Intensive Infrastructure for SHINE: From High-Speed DAQ to Standardized and AI-Ready Scientific Data

High-repetition-rate X-ray free-electron lasers (XFELs) generate massive and heterogeneous data, creating major challenges for data acquisition, processing, storage, and management. SHINE is developing a data-intensive infrastructure to support beamline commissioning and future user experiments, while enabling the transformation of raw experimental data into standardized and AI-ready scientific data.

A key focus is the construction of a unified data framework with standardized structures, rich scientific metadata, complete scientific semantics, and machine-accessible interfaces. Facility operation, photon diagnostics, experimental measurements, calibration data, and simulations are integrated to form interpretable and reusable scientific datasets.

This framework provides the basis for multimodal data fusion, AI-assisted analysis, and future scientific agents, supporting SHINE’s evolution toward standardized, reusable, and AI-ready scientific data.

Speaker: Ping Huai (ShanghaiTech University / Shanghai Advanced Research Institute, CAS)

61 HALF Data Infrastructure: Building the Data Foundation for Intelligent Operations

The Hefei Advanced Light Facility (HALF) is a fourth-generation diffraction-limited synchrotron radiation source currently under construction as one of China's major national science infrastructure projects. Construction commenced in June 2023, with completion planned for October 2028. The facility comprises an accelerator complex (injector and storage ring), beamlines, and supporting utilities. To support intelligent operations of such a large-scale facility, a unified distributed control environment based on EPICS has been established for HALF, serving as the data foundation across the entire facility. This infrastructure collects three categories of data: beam status data from the accelerator, device operation data from accelerators, beamlines, and utility systems, and log data. Building on this foundation, a range of data-driven applications is being developed, including fault diagnosis and early warning, predictive maintenance, and performance optimization, as well as intelligent beam tuning and digital twin development. The civil construction has been delivered, and the injector is currently under commissioning. The control system and database system related to the injector have been deployed and are in operation, with preliminary database applications initiated. This presentation will report the architecture of the HALF data infrastructure, its current deployment status, and initial application results, and will discuss how this data foundation is being built to enable intelligent operations.

Speaker: Gongfa Liu (USTC)

62 Science Cloud in Taiwan

Speaker: Eric Yen

63 KEK Central Computing System (KEKCC): Operational Updates, Asian Network Shifts, and Readiness for Belle II Data Challenge 2027

The KEK Central Computer System (KEKCC) is the largest-scale computing system at KEK, providing essential services such as Grid, Cloud, and high-performance data storage for various scientific experiments. Operating under a four-year lease, the current generation of KEKCC started production in September 2024. Now entering its third year of operation, the system continues to deliver stable computing services, maintaining a steady CPU utilisation rate of around 80%.

Since the core system hardware remains unchanged during this contract period, our recent efforts have focused on service modernisation, security enhancements, and infrastructure updates. In this presentation, we will review the operational status of the KEKCC and report on the key progress made since the last AFAD meeting in 2025, held in Sendai, Japan.

A major highlight of our recent work is the modernisation of our software and authentication infrastructure. We will discuss the ongoing migration of our Grid services from RHEL 7 to RHEL 9 and the transition from X.509/VOMS to JWT/IAM. In preparation for the global phase-out of X.509/VOMS scheduled for Q1 in 2028, we are actively evaluating token-based authentication workflows. We will share the results of our data transfer performance tests using tokens across FTS and StoRM. Furthermore, we will report on the shutdown of the legacy KEK Grid CA after 20 years of operation and the launch of our new SHA-2 compliant CA service in September 2025.

Lastly, we will present updates on our international and domestic network infrastructure and data transfer initiatives. This includes the hardware replacement of the KEK campus network conducted in the summer of 2025—which refreshed the internal infrastructure without altering the total external bandwidth or routing—and the recent handover of the Tokyo-HKIX international link (primarily serving east Asian institutes such as IHEP) from JGN to APAN-JP. Furthermore, as a major upcoming milestone, we will report on our preparation status for the Belle II Data Challenge 2027, which is planned to be conducted in coordination with the WLCG Data Challenge 2027. Through these updates, we will share our operational experiences and plans for the system's remaining lifecycle.

Speaker: Go Iwai (KEK)

afad2026-kek-iwai.pdf

afad2026-kek-iwai.pdf

3:30 PM Coffee Break

3:30 PM Coffee Break

3:50 PM Coffee Break

Parallel B: Parallel B | WG3 + WG7

Convener: Zhanguo Zong (Shanghai Advanced Research Institute)

64 Status of the superconducting devices of BINP

Various superconducting magnets are being developed and manufactured in Budker Institute of Nuclear Physics, Novosibirsk.
Major activities of BINP superconducting magnets laboratory are focused on insertions devices SKIF light source starting operation soon this year. Three superconducting wigglers and undulators are successfully tested and installed.
New superconducting solenoid of 1.5 T magnetic field and 1 m of inner diameter is designed for the CMD-4 detector to replace previous thin solenoid of 0.7 m diameter. The cryogenics of this solenoid will be based on three cryocoolers.
The superconducting dipole magnet is designed for JINR, Moscow region. Its parameters are the same as for the CBM detector (GSI) except the pole distance that will be decreased from 1.44 m to 0.8 m. The cryogenics of this magnet will be based on the thermosiphon helium cooling from new cryostat containing 1500 l of LHe.
The status of these and other works will be presented in the WG7 session.

Speaker: Alexey Bragin (Budker Institute of Nuclear Physics)

65 Current status of the RAON SSR pre-production cavity development

The single spoke resonator 1 (SSR1) is a superconducting RF cavity employed in the front section of high-energy linac of Rare isotope Accelerator complex for ON-line experiments (RAON). The SSR1 cavity features a balloon type geometry and is currently in the pre-production step to establish reliable fabrication and processing procedures prior to mass production. Four pre-production SSR1 cavities were fabricated and processed to evaluate and optimize the overall processing procedures with a focus on surface treatment and clean assembly. The optimized procedure includes rotational buffered chemical polishing (R-BCP) with an external cooling system, high-pressure rinsing (HPR) with ultrapure water quality control and rinsing conditions, and an established clean assembly procedure to minimize particle contaminations. To address bubble-induced surface streak patterns observed during stationary BCP, the R-BCP process with an external cooling system was implemented to improve etching uniformity and temperature control. In addition, ultrapure water quality was improved, and the rinsing procedure was refined to minimize particle ingress during the HPR process. And, clean assembly procedures reported at other accelerator facilities were reviewed and adapted to the RAON SSR1 configuration and assembly environment to minimize particle contamination. With these improvements, all cavities achieved Q0 values close to 1.0 × 10^10 at the target accelerating gradient of 7.9 MV/m. Furthermore, the X-ray dose measured during vertical tests was significantly reduced compared with that of cavities processed using the previous procedure. The reproducibility of the optimized procedure was verified through repeated processing and vertical tests. These results demonstrate the successful establishment of reliable and reproducible fabrication and processing procedures for the RAON SSR1 cavities, providing a technical basis for cryomodule development and future mass production for the high-energy superconducting linac.
This work was supported by the National Research Foundation of Korea (NRF) funded by Ministry of Science and ICT(RS-2022-00214790)

Speaker: Eunsol Go (Institute for Basic Science)

66 Development of Superconducting Undulators at IHEP

Speaker: Xiangchen Yang (Institute of High Energy Physics)

67 High-Temperature Superconducting Wire Technologies for the Liquid Hydrogen Era

Rare-earth-based RE1Ba2Cu3O7-d (REBCO) high-temperature superconducting wires are promising materials for liquid-helium-free superconducting devices such as magnets and power cables, owing to their superior in-field current-carrying capability at elevated temperatures. In this context, superconducting devices operating at 20 K are closely linked to liquid hydrogen technologies: cooling schemes under consideration include heat exchange between supercritical helium and liquid hydrogen, as well as the direct use of liquid hydrogen as a coolant. This talk presents recent progress in REBCO wire technologies under the Moonshot Research and Development Program (Goal 10), "Fundamental Superconducting Technologies to Realize Various Innovative Fusion Reactor Concepts" (JPMJMS24A2), which aims to realize compact, high-field fusion reactors through liquid-helium-free, high-field magnet systems. Toward this goal, as one of the three research pillars (wire development, coil and magnet technologies, and reactor system technologies), the program is developing mass-production and characterization technologies for REBCO wires optimized for the 20 K, high-field regime. Key topics include a data-driven approach to optimizing mass-production pulsed-laser-deposition systems through the coupling of high-throughput characterization and machine learning; a methodology for predicting wire performance at 20 K under high magnetic fields; the evaluation of spatial uniformity in long-length wires; and a solder-free ultrasonic welding process for reliable low-resistance joints. The latest results and future perspectives of these REBCO wire technologies will be highlighted.

Acknowledgements: This work was supported by Moonshot R&D Program Grant Number JPMJMS24A2 and JSPS KAKENHI Grant Number JP24H00320.

Speaker: Takanobu Kiss (Kyushu University)

68 Improvement of Inner Surface Uniformity and RF Performance of SRF Cavities Using a Rotational Buffered Chemical Polishing Process

Buffered Chemical Polishing (BCP) is one of the most widely adopted surface treatment methods for superconducting radio-frequency (SRF) cavities because of its simplicity and cost-effectiveness. However, the stationary BCP process can produce non-uniform material removal due to bubble accumulation and acid flow instability, resulting in streak patterns and localized surface roughness that may affect RF performance. To address these issues, a rotational BCP (RBCP) system was developed to promote the continuous removal of reaction bubbles during the etching process. In addition, a process temperature control system was incorporated to maintain more consistent etching conditions during surface treatment. The rotational motion and temperature control are expected to contribute to a more uniform chemical reaction over the cavity surface and reduce the formation of streak patterns. In this study, the inner surface characteristics of SRF cavities processed using the RBCP system were compared with those treated by a conventional BCP process. Vertical tests (VT) were also conducted to evaluate the RF performance after the complete cavity preparation procedure. The RBCP process showed reduced streak formation and relatively improved surface uniformity compared with the stationary BCP process. The results suggest that the combination of rotational motion and process temperature control can contribute to more consistent surface treatment of SRF cavities.

Speaker: Jangwon Han (Institute for Rare Isotope Science (IRIS), IBS)

69 Correction of Field-Emission-Induced Surface Resistance in HWR Cavities

Construction of the low-energy section of Superconducting Linear Accelerator 3 (SCL3), a key component of the Rare Isotope Accelerator complex for ON-line experiments (RAON), was completed. During the construction, field emission (FE) was one of the most critical performance-limiting factors in the vertical test (VT) process. The VT is performed at 4.2 K and 2 K to analyze the temperature-dependent characteristics. The field enhancement factor, which is the main parameter for quantifying FE characteristics, is obtained separately from the Q0 and X-ray measurement results. It is confirmed that the 4.2 K test results show a larger Q0-based field enhancement factor than those at 2 K, even for the same X-ray pattern. As the BCS resistance and its temperature derivative are much larger at 4.2 K than at 2 K, it is suspected that FE-induced electron collisions generate additional BCS resistance. In this study, three HWR cavities that show the same X-ray pattern are chosen to evaluate the FE-induced BCS resistance and the effective thermal resistance as a function of FE power. A correction calculation based on the effective thermal resistance is conducted for 27 of the 4.2 K datasets that have a different X-ray pattern at 2 K. Validation of the correction is confirmed by comparing it with the ratio of the X-ray- and Q0-based field enhancement factors at 2 K. From this study, the effect of the FE-induced BCS resistance is eliminated, and a more accurate Q0-based field enhancement factor is obtained at 4.2 K.

Speaker: Sungmin Jeon

Parallel C: Parallel C | WG2 + WG6

Convener: Fazhi Qi (Institute of High Energy Physics)

70 Overview of KISTI GSDC: ALICE Tier-1 Operation and Data Computing Services

This presentation outlines the operational status and data computing services of the ALICE Tier-1 center at the Global Science experimental Data hub Center (GSDC) in KISTI. As the sole ALICE Tier-1 facility in Asia, KISTI GSDC operates a high-performance computing and storage infrastructure to support the intensive data-processing requirements of the CERN ALICE experiment.

The talk highlights key architectural strategies, including large-scale distributed storage systems (EOS/QuarkDB) and HTCondor-based batch computing environments designed for high-volume LHC data processing. We will discuss service availability, reliability metrics within the Worldwide LHC Computing Grid (WLCG) framework, and recent operational enhancements. Finally, we will share future plans to upgrade data infrastructure to meet the demands of the upcoming High-Luminosity LHC (HL-LHC) era.

Speaker: Byungyun KONG (KISTI)

71 Control system for power supplies of magnetic system elements of the SRF "SKIF" accelerator complex

In 2026, commissioning of the SRF SKIF facility, a 4+ generation synchrotron radiation source accelerator complex was initiated. The facility comprises a 200 MeV electron linear accelerator, a booster synchrotron accelerating electrons to 3 GeV, and a storage ring equipped with superconducting insertion devices for SR generation.
Approximately 2,500 power supplies are used to control the magnets of the accelerator complex. Their operation is managed by embedded controllers capable of regulating specified output parameters, such as current or voltage. The controllers support synchronization of both the execution of specified setpoints and measurement of the actual output values with external clock pulses provided by the timing system at a frequency of 10 kHz. The control and monitoring processes are synchronized with the cyclic motion of the electron beam. This approach enables detailed monitoring of the power-supply and beam parameters and facilitates the detection of instabilities in the operation of the accelerator systems and devices.
This paper presents the control system for the magnetic elements of the SKIF accelerator complex based on embedded controllers, as well as the architecture of the embedded controller itself.

Speaker: Dmitriy Lipoviy (SRF SKIF, Budker Institute of Nuclear Physics)

Parallel A: Parallel A | WG1 + WG4 + WG5

Convener: Kazuyuki Sakaue (The University of Tokyo)

72 Development and Field Operation of the Timing System with Phase-Locked Injection and Dynamic Extraction for the CSNS-II RCS

The Phase-II upgrade of the China Spallation Neutron Source (CSNS-II), aiming for a 500-kW beam power, imposes stringent physical constraints on beam synchronization, necessitating a paradigm shift from conventional static triggers to physics-driven accelerator control. This paper presents the development and field implementation of an innovative MicroTCA.4-based global timing system for the CSNS-II Rapid Cycling Synchrotron (RCS). During the phase-locked injection, the Medium Energy Beam Transport (MEBT) chopper is modulated precisely by the RCS Radio Frequency (RF) sweep sequence, truncating the irregular transient edges of the ion source macro-pulse to sculpt an optimal beam time structure. Upon arrival, the linac beam is alternately injected into two RCS RF buckets at the synchronous phase for optimal capture. Importantly, the timing system anchors this microscopic injection epoch to the macroscopic valley of the main resonant magnet waveform. This rigorous spatiotemporal alignment ensures precise matching between the injection kinetic energy and the dipole bending strength, thereby preventing closed-orbit distortions and emittance dilution. Following a 20-ms synchronous acceleration, the system executes a dynamic extraction sequence, orchestrating eight independent kicker magnets to achieve a flawless, single-turn extraction of two high-intensity proton bunches. To address the complex multidimensional synchronization challenges, the proposed architecture integrates event and synchronous timing schemes on a highly deterministic System-on-Chip (SoC) FPGA platform. By providing unified, sub-nanosecond coordination for both Low-Level RF (LLRF) and Beam Instrumentation (BI) subsystems, this beam-adaptive architecture has been validated through field operations, establishing a robust synchronization foundation for megawatt-class accelerator facilities.

Speaker: Mr Peng Zhu (Institute of High Energy Physics, CAS)

73 A wide-dynamic-range halo monitor based on the novel fluorescence wire concept

Achieving sustainable beam operation in high-power proton/hadron accelerators requires careful control and minimization of halo-particle-induced beam loss. This necessitates a clear understanding of the halo-particle distribution. While state-of-the-art instruments can achieve a dynamic range of ~10⁶ using counting readout schemes, a novel fluorescence wire scanner combined with a conventional metal wire has recently been proposed and demonstrated at the China Spallation Neutron Source (CSNS). This new approach has achieved a sensitivity at the 10³ ppp level and a record dynamic range of over 10⁸, as demonstrated at the CSNS H⁻ LINAC. A 100×1×0.15 mm³ fluorescence wire has been prepared, demonstrating excellent light yield and radiation hardness. This monitor could potentially be implemented for halo diagnostics at high-intensity frontier accelerators as well as for weak particle beams.

Speaker: Renjun Yang (Institute of High Energy Physics)

74 Bunch by Bunch Residual Gas IPM for the CSNS RCS and Gated IPM Development for High Power Operation

Understanding the evolution of transverse beam profiles is critical for stable high power operation of intense proton synchrotrons. A residual-gas ionization profile monitor (IPM) has been developed and commissioned in the 1.6 GeV Rapid Cycling Synchrotron (RCS) of the China Spallation Neutron Source (CSNS) to enable non-invasive, bunch-by-bunch horizontal beam profile measurements. Beam induced electromagnetic interference, insufficient microchannel plate (MCP) gain, and elevated vacuum pressure were successfully mitigated through RF shielding with an enhanced Faraday cage, the addition of a pull-down resistor in the MCP bias circuit, and additional vacuum pumping. The IPM employs a 25 kV field cage (~110 kV/m), a two-stage MCP with 32 anode strips (2.5 mm pitch), and operates in both ion and electron collection modes. Individual bunch profiles are reconstructed using a peak finding algorithm combined with RF-synchronized windowing. Residual gas species were identified as primarily $\mathrm{H_2}$, $\mathrm{H_2O}$, and $\mathrm{N_2}$, while electron-mode measurements confirmed a temporal resolution approaching 80 ns. Bunch by bunch profiles recorded during multi turn injection painting clearly capture the evolution of beam position and rms horizontal size. However, MCP saturation currently restricts operation of IPM at higher beam power. To overcome this limitation and enable full cycle beam profile measurement at CSNS 500 kW power upgrade, a gated IPM is under development. By controlling charge collection of secondary particles, the gated IPM will mitigate the MCP saturation and extend the lifetime.

Speaker: Muhammad Abdul Rehman

75 Current Status and 200 MeV Upgrade progress of the KOMAC Linac

Since 2013, the 100 MeV proton linac at the Korea Multi-purpose Accelerator Complex (KOMAC) has been in continuous, stable operation, providing reliable irradiation services for materials, biomedical, semiconductor, and nuclear sciences across four dedicated user beamlines. To expand user capabilities, a white-spectrum neutron beam service is undergoing pilot operation, with official service scheduled to launch in 2026. Additionally, a dedicated Beam Test Stand is being utilized for advanced accelerator R&D, focusing on machine-learning-based beam tuning, emittance control, and phase-space diagnostics. Concurrently, technical preparations are well underway for a 200 MeV energy upgrade utilizing a normal-conducting Separate-type Drift Tube Linac (SDTL) structure. This presentation reports on the recent operational achievements, beamline utilization stauts, and the core R&D progress toward the 200 MeV expansion project at KOMAC.

Speaker: SEUNGHYUN LEE (KOREA ATOMIC ENERGY RESEARCH INSTITUTE)

76 Progress on muon acceleration and precise measurement of muon dipole moments at J-PARC

Acceleration of cooled muons is a promising technology for realizing a low-emittance muon beam, which is essential for novel muon science such as precise measurement of the muon dipole moments. This technology is being developed at the Materials and Life Science Experimental Facility (MLF) at J-PARC, where muons are cooled to thermal energies through muonium formation followed by laser ionization. The resulting cooled muon beam, known as the ultraslow muon beam, is then accelerated by a linear accelerator (linac) complex.

Following the world's first demonstration of a low-emittance accelerated positive muon beam at 100 keV in 2024, this year we achieved further acceleration to 0.34 MeV using a radio-frequency cavity, the first stage of the linac. Downstream cavities are under design or fabrication to reach 4.3 MeV by 2028 and a few hundred MeV in the 2030s, while an upgrade of the ultraslow muon source is underway to achieve an intensity of 10^5 muons per second. In parallel, development of various subsystems for the muon dipole moments measurement is also progressing. In this contribution, we will present the status and prospects of muon acceleration and muon dipole moments measurement.

Speaker: Dr Masato Kimura (the University of Tokyo)

77 Nuclear reaction study of ⁷Li(p,n)⁷Be for the advancement of compact neutron sources

Compact accelerator-driven neutron sources provide useful platforms for neutron science, industrial applications, and medical applications. In particular, neutron sources based on the $^{7}$Li(p,n)$^{7}$Be reaction are attractive because neutrons can be produced using low-energy proton beams. RANS-III is a transportable compact neutron system designed for outdoor use to visualize internal deterioration in bridges. For the development and optimization of such compact neutron sources, accurate neutron-production data and reliable nuclear reaction models are essential.

Although the $^{7}$Li(p,n)$^{7}$Be reaction has been studied for many years, existing data in the low-energy region still show significant discrepancies. In particular, around a proton energy of 2.5 MeV, which is relevant to compact neutron source applications, reported neutron yields and cross sections differ depending on the experiment, and their interpretation may be affected by target thickness and other experimental conditions. These uncertainties directly influence neutron-yield simulations and source design. In the case of RANS-III, the observed neutron yield is smaller than that expected from PHITS-based simulations, motivating a re-examination of the reaction data and calculation framework.

In this work, we study the $^{7}$Li(p,n)$^{7}$Be reaction around 2.5 MeV from both experimental and theoretical viewpoints. Experimentally, measurements are planned using the electrostatic Pelletron accelerator at Institute of Science Tokyo, which is suitable for precise reaction measurements with a defined proton energy. LiF targets with different thicknesses are being prepared by vacuum evaporation, and their thicknesses will be characterized using several methods. The obtained data will be compared with nuclear reaction calculations based on the Gaussian Expansion Method, which aims to describe the reaction.

This study is being carried out as part of a program to advance compact neutron sources through precise numerical calculations. While the present work is not a direct report on RANS-III hardware development, its goal is to provide nuclear reaction data and a calculation framework that can be applied to the future design and optimization of transportable compact neutron sources. In this presentation, we will discuss the motivation, current status, and future prospects of this approach.

Speaker: Dr Ikuo Ide (KEK)

78 The Progress of the CiADS Linac

The CiADS (China Initiative Accelerator Driven System) superconducting linac, constructed by the Institute of Modern Physics, CAS, is the highest-power CW superconducting linac under construction worldwide. Its scientific and societal significance extends beyond nuclear waste transmutation and raising uranium utilization from ~1% to ~95%, encompassing isotope production, muon science, and other frontier directions. HWR cryomodules have been installed, elliptical cryomodules are under final installation, and the RF system integration has reached 80%. Beam commissioning is scheduled for Novermber 2026, with beam power expected to reach 25 kW by the end of this year. This report presents the design, integration, and commissioning progress of the CiADS linac.，

Speaker: Teng Tan (Institute of Modern Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences)

79 Progress of the Laser-assisted H⁻ stripping injection in the CSNS-II

For the high intensity proton accelerator, the laser-assisted H⁻ stripping is a new essential technology. It can be an alternative to the foil stripping which may be used to overcome various difficulties faced by the stripping foils, such as short lifetime, high temperature, large radiation dose, etc. In this paper, based on the second phase of China Spallation Neutron Source (CSNS-II), the progress of the laser-assisted H⁻ stripping injection has been studied in depth. First, the physical principle of laser-assisted H⁻ stripping injection is deeply explored theoretically. The influencing factors of laser and H⁻ beam interaction, Lorentz stripping and other processes are studied. Second, the influences of injection beam parameters on the Lorentz stripping and laser excitation are studied, and the emittance growth of injection beam after stripping is explored. Thirdly, a stripping magnet prototype has been completed, and its magnetic measurement results as well as future technical improvements will be presented in detail. Finally, following in-depth simulation studies, the optical path design for the laser system has been finalized, and certain optical parameter tests are presently being conducted.

Speaker: Mingyang Huang (Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences)

AFAD2026_huangmy.pdf

AFAD2026_huangmy.pptx

7:00 PM Dinner

Fri, October 16

Plenary

Convener: Zhentang Zhao (Shanghai Advanced Research Institute)

80 Progress and Status of HIAF

Speaker: Jiancheng Yang

81 RAON High-Energy Accelerator: Current Development Status and Future Roadmap

RAON, Korea’s heavy-ion accelerator facility, completed the construction of its low-energy linac section in 2022 and is currently providing beam services for user experiments. While the existing facility supports a broad range of research in rare isotope science, nuclear physics, nuclear astrophysics, and radiation applications, extending the accelerator to higher energies is essential for exploring nuclear phenomena under more extreme conditions and enhancing the facility’s international competitiveness. To support the future construction of the RAON high-energy linac section, a preliminary R&D program is underway to develop superconducting accelerator technologies that have not yet been established in the IBS. As part of this effort, prototype superconducting accelerator modules for the high-energy Linac sections are being designed, fabricated, and tested. Key performance parameters under investigation include accelerating gradient, operational stability, resonant frequency characteristics, phase control, thermal stability, and overall module performance. The completed facility is expected to become a globally unique research infrastructure capable of simultaneously supporting both the Isotope Separation On-Line (ISOL) and In-flight Fragmentation (IF) rare-isotope production methods. This presentation reports the current progress of the technology development program and outlines the roadmap toward the realization of the RAON high-energy linac accelerator section.

Speaker: Jaehyung LEE (Institute for Rare Isotope Science, IBS)

10:00 AM Coffee Break

Plenary

Convener: Zhentang Zhao (Shanghai Advanced Research Institute)

82 Overview of CSNS and CSNS-II Project

CSNS (China Spallation Neutron Source) is an accelerator-based facility that generates high-intensity short-pulse neutrons for multidisciplinary research platforms. Its accelerator system includes an 80 MeV H⁻linac and a 1.6 GeV rapid-cycling synchrotron, with a designed target power of 100 kW. The facility has operated stably for 8 years and yielded a number of research achievements. CSNS-II aims to boost beam power to 500 kW and add 11 new spectrometers and experimental stations. To date, the upgraded front end, room-temperature RF systems, injection region and RCS ring have been refurbished, while the SRF cavities and their cryomodules are in mass production. This report presents the relevant research progress

Speaker: HUACHANG LIU (Institute of high energy physics, CAS, China)

83 Belle II and SuperKEKB: Status and Future Prospects

The Belle II experiment at the SuperKEKB collider is pursuing a broad program of precision measurements in flavor physics and searches for physics beyond the Standard Model. With the experiment approaching the 1 ab-1 milestone and SuperKEKB reaching record instantaneous luminosities, Belle II is entering an important phase of high-luminosity operation.

This talk will review the current status of the SuperKEKB accelerator and the Belle II detector, together with selected physics results demonstrating the capabilities and scientific potential of the experiment. The experience gained during operation at increasing luminosity and the challenges for continued high-luminosity running will also be discussed.

The talk will then present the planned developments of the accelerator and detector, including the ongoing upgrade program. The main motivations and technological developments will be discussed in the context of the future Belle II physics program, followed by an outlook on the longer-term evolution of the experiment.

Speaker: Fabian Becherer (Jilin University)

84 Closing Remarks

Speaker: Haixiao Deng (Shanghai Advanced Research Institute)

12:00 PM Lunch

1:30 PM Site Visit